gwvlw od :
gwOwxlk owvÆÚxZK kÕewìæËkk Duo
mwioÖŒwiwd Lwd
gwvlw od xVK KLd,
KyhwËg eÞPxlZ pËtxQl Zw GLËdw GËKgwËk xdxúPZ KËk ÌKD glËZ
ewËkdxd„ ZËg dwdw eËkwq eÞiwËY iËd Kkw pt- oiÛwU AwKgk GB od
eÞgZêd KËkd„ oiÛwU AwKgk jxb okwoxk gwvlw od eÞgZêd dwI KËk
awËKd, ZgÖ Gid eÞPlËd Ìj Z^wk eËkwq Agbwd AwËQ G xgnËt ÌKwËdw
oËëbp ÌdB„ KwkY oiÛwU AwKgk ogêhwkZyt Blwxp od eÞgZêd KËkxQËld„
gwvlw od ÌoB Blwxp oËdk eÞZøq eÞhwËgB eÞPxlZ pËtËQ„ ÌoRdøB
AxcKwvm ex¡Z Ggv LøwZdwiw gøx£ß iËd KËkd Ìj gwvlw od oiÛwU AwKgk
gw ÌKwËdw iÖoliwd kwRw-gwbmw gw owiìæ eÞhÖ eÞPld KËkxQËld„ GËbk
Dxrnøwk xgLøwZ HxZpwxoK KwxmeÞowb RtËowtwl iËd KËkd AwKgkB gwvlw
od gw gŠw˲k eÞgZêK„ xgšwdy ÌiNdwb owpw iËd KËkd AwKgËkk
Zwxti-B-Blwxp gw Blwxp od pl gŠw˲k iÔËl„ AdøxbËK ÌdwËgl eÖkÆwk
xgRty AaêdyxZxgb AcøweK AiZêø ÌodI Z^wk xiËlxdtwi g£ßÙZwt (xblöy
2000) oiÛwU AwKgkËKB gwvlw oËdk eÞgZêK xpowËg AxhxpZ KËkd„ owl
ZwxkËLk BxZpwo xdËt ÌlLwËlxL KËkËQd Gid GKRd cyiwd MËgnK elwmgkY
ewl gwvlw oËdk dwdw oioøw xdËt xgZKê KkËZ xMËt gËlËQd : ‘K×xr e^xPm
gQËkk AwËM gŠw² m²Uwk PlxQËlw dw, ZLd glw pËZw ÂcÖB ‘owl’ gw
‘od’„ exúPi hwkËZ ÌKD xg¢ßi ovgu-ËK xg¢ßi owl gw xg¢ßi od gËl dw„
ÌdewËl gÖ¦ ovgu-ËK ÌKD gÖ¦ owl gËl dw„ ZwpËl gwvlwt owl gw od
glw pt ÌKd? GBLwËd iËd kwLËZ pËg, owl KawUw fwxoê, od KawUw
Awkgy„ G ÌaËK iËd pt, xpRky KøwËl«wk ÌaËKB ÌKwËdwhwËg D¨ÖZ
AwiwËbk gwvlw A² gw gwvlw owl„ Zw jxb pt, ZwpËl AwKgk xaËtwxgk
ÌPËt xgmðwoø Adø ÌKwËdw xaËtwxgk owd ewItw iÖmxKl (owl ZwxkËLk
BxZpwo- elwmgkY ewl eÙ: 95, oiÛwU eÞKwmdy, KlKwZw, 1994)„
ÌKwËdw ÌKwËdw MËgnK o®i mZËKk kwRw mmw‰ËK ‘gŠw˲k’ eÞgZêK gËl
iËd KËkd„ Awgwk ÌKD ÌKD gwvlwk oÖlZwdy AwiËlk xgLøwZ oiÛwU
ÌpwËod mwpËK gwvlw oËdk eÞgZêK gËl iËd KËkd„ xKìç KlKwZw
xgmðxgbøwlËtk eÞwPyd hwkZyt BxZpwo I ovÆÚxZ xghwËMk hÔZeÔgê
KwkiwBËKl KËlËRk AcøweK I icø Gxmtwk BxZpwo-xgËmnš gÛZyëbÛ dwa
iÖËLwewcøwt gËld : ‘... GUw exkûKwk Ìj AwKgËkk kwRËZòk eÔËgê
gwvlw od gw gŠw² gøgpwËkk ÌKwdI xdxúPZ eÞiwY ÌdB„ GLd ejêìæ
AwxgûKÚZ I AwËlwxPZ Zaøwxb AwKgËkk AwiËl PwëbÛ-xpRky A˲k
ovÆwËkk iËcøB gŠw˲k oÔPdwk BxŠZ KËk„ Gk xgekyZ ÌKwdI NUdw
xdËbêmK xgmðwoËjwMø ZaøoÔ¢ AwxgûKÚZ dw pItw ejêìæ GB iZB
MÞpYËjwMø (gwŠwlw od: gŠ, gwŠwlw I hwkZ- gÛZyëbÛ dwa iÖËLwewcøwt,
eÙ: 87, KlKwZw, eÞËMÞxoh ewgxlmwoê, 2000)„
gwvlw oËdk BxZpwo I Gk D¨Ëgk xgnËt xgZKê awKËlI gwOwxlk BxZpwo I
ZwËbk Rygdiw¢wt GB oËdk eÞhwg xQËlw gøweK I Mhyk„ KÙxÄxhx£K
MÞwiyY gwvlwËbËm DuewbdiÖLy oKl KiêKwË¡ gwvlw oËdk xQËlw GKâQ¢
AwxceZø„ fol Ìgwdw, foËlk oitxhx£K jZí gw exkPjêw, folKwUwop
jwgZyt KÚxnKwR gwvlw od ZwxkL AdÖjwty xdûedí Kkw pËZw„ ÌoB oËŠ
hwl fol NËk DVËl gwOwxlk gwk iwËok ÌZËkw ewgêdI DbzjwxeZ pËZw
gwvlw ex™Kwk xbdqY xpowg KËk„ gwvlwt pËkK kKi Ìilwk xbd ZwxkLI
xdcêwxkZ xQËlw gwvlw oËdk oËŠ| ÂcÖ fol Awk Duog dw, gwOwxlk
Aaêwu gwOwxl KÚnËKk ewxkgwxkK Ggv owiwxRK KwRKiê, Âhxbd, xggwp,
Rdô-iÙZ×øop RygËdk oKl xgnËtB gwvlw od xQËlw GKK I Addø„ MÞwiyY
iwdÖn gwvlw od ZwxkËLk Ìjid xpËog KËn Rygdjw¢w xdgêwp KkËZw Zwk
oËŠ P^wËbk xpowgUwI xQËlw iÖLø„ Aiwgmøw, eÔxYêiw ov¢ßwxìæ Ggv
xZxa-dqË¢k gøwewkI AwcÖxdK bÙxÄËZ xdkqk, xKìç RygËdk ewVmwlwt
KËVwk eÞxmqËY S×Ëdw pËt jwItw iwdÖn†Ëlwk Rdø xQËlw Ñbdxëbd RygËd
xbK-xdËbêxmKwk iËZw„ gwOwxlk gøx£ßMZ, ewxkgwxkK, owiwxRK RygdËKB
ÂcÖ gwvlw od ogl I ox¢ßt KËkxd Zwk xdRþñ NËkwtw I owiwxRK
RygdgÙË£k icø ÌaËK Zwk xgmðbÙxÄ (World View) MVËdI gwvlw
od-xdhêk owvÆÚxZK, bwmêxdK I idþæwx£K DewbwdoiÔp †kØZòeÔYê
hÔxiKw ewld KËkËQ„ AdøxbËK gÙp£k oiwR, þÿwdyt okKwk, Rxibwk Ggv
ÌKëbÛyt okKwËkk oËŠ oóeKê þÿweËdI opwtK pËtËQ„ BvËkR Awil ÌaËK
eÞwt GKwl ejêìæ RxibwËkk LwRdw Ìbgwk gøwewËk gwvlw odB xQËlw
xpowg-xKZwËgk iwcøi„ MÞwi-gwvlwk Ìi#xlK AaêKxk, DuewbdiÔlK Ggv
owiwxRK gøgþÿwedwMZ Kwjêwxb Ggv eÞRw I Rxibwk-okKwËkk iËcø LwRdw,
Rxi ÌKdwËgPwop oKl KwR Aaêwu eÞRw owcwkY I Rxibwk gw okKwËkk
iËcø AwxaêK, AwBdMZ I eÞšwediÔlK KwRoiÔp gwvlw hwnw I gwvlw xbd
ZwxkLËK eÞwcwdø xbËt oóedí KkwB xQËlw eÞawxo¦ xdti„
gwOwxlk KÚxnxdhêk IB RygËd MÞwiyY gwvlwËbËmk owiwxRK exkgZêËdk
cwkw xQËlw LÖgB möa„ dby-dwlw, Lwl-xgËlk xgeÖl xgþæwk, jwZwtwZ
gøgþÿwk bÖMêxZ Ggv dMb etowk AhwËg RdRygd xQËlw xþæxiZ, iwdÖËnk
iËcø GK ckËdk šwZø xgkwR KkxQËlw„ gwOwxlk gwvlw od Ìjid foxl od
ZwËbk RygËdI xQËlw foËlk Ìi#oÖËik DnäZw, DâQlZw„ gnêwKwËl
cwd-ewU KwUw pËl Zw xgx¢ß KËk Ìj dMb etow pwËZ AwoËZw Zw xbËtB
gQËkk dZ×d Kwer ÌKdw LwRdwk ewU P×KwËdwk ek KUw iwo Alo oit
KwUwËdw„ myZKwËlk Awid cwd NËk DVËl Awgwk xeVw-eÖxl LwItw, dgwdí
Duog, dwdw kKi Ìilwk AwËtwRd, jw¢w, Rwxk-owxk, kwiwtd, Mºykw
KyZêd, ewlwk Awok, n^wËrk lrwB, ÌiwkËMk lrwB, lwxV ÌLlw, ÌiËtËbk
Mwxoê Duog, oËpdw Duog, ÌQËlËbk bwxrtwgww, ÌMwlöwQÖU, gwYËLlw,
pwWÖWÖ ÌLlwk RiRiwU Awdëb-fÔxZê„ Gkek gËrw AwKwËkk ÑP¢ ov¢ßwxìæk
Ìilw Ggv 1lw ÑgmwËLk ÌhwËk KÚnK exkgwËkk ewxkgwxkK Awiwxd Duog
jwk lqø owkw gQËkk mwxìæ, oÖL, oiÙx¦ Ggv DuKÚÄ flËdk AwKwáqw„
eËk owkwxbd cËk pwlLwZw Duog, dwdw RwtMwt gËrw ckËdk Ìilw„ ZwËZ
MÞwiyY iÙuxmùe I KwkØeËYøk xgxKxKxd„ xgËdwbËdk Rdø eÖZ×l dwP,
owKêwo, g… xoËdiw| GB xdËtB MÞwiyY iwdÖËnk ÌoxK Awdëb! eÖxZk
iwlw, g^wxm, KwV-g^wËmk ÌLldw, dgwdí, Kbiw, pwItwk xiVwB xbËtB
pwxo I oÖËLk Awhw ÌfwUwËdw jwt AËùe Z×Ä MÞwiyY dwky I xmÂk iÖËL„
ewxKþæwd AwiËl gwOwxl KÚnKRygËdk GB Ìi#xlK Duog ewgêËdk xgntxUËK
okKwxkhwËg xdkØuowxpZ Kkw pt„ KwkY MÞwi-gwvlwk GB ovÆÚxZ xQËlw
ovKk ovÆÚxZ gw ximÛ ovÆÚxZ„ GB ovÆÚxZËZ xpëbÖ, Ìg#¦, Awxbgwoy
Ggv iÖoxli ovÆÚxZk oiìñt NËUxQËlw„ GB oixìñZ ovÆÚxZËK ewxKþæwdy
mwoK Ggv ZwËbk GËbmyt cµRwcwky Ggv dg-Dx¤Z iÖoxli gwOwxl icøxgË£k
GKUw Avm okKwxk ejêwËt Ggv owiwxRKhwËg AMÞpYËjwMø Ggv ewxKþæwdy
Zaw iÖoxli-AwbËmêk Rdø qxZKk gËl eÞPwk PwlwËZ awËK„ GB eÞPwk Ìj
xgfËl ÌMËQ Zw glw jwt dw„ ZÚYiÔl ejêwËtk AËdK ÌlwKDuog Ìjid
DeËjwMy owiwxRK eUhÔxi I fwvmd dw awKwk Rdø xglÖ® pËtËQ gw
xglÖx®k eËa kËtËQ ÌZixd GckËdk xgËkwcy eÞPwËkI cyËk cyËk xþæxiZ
pËt ÌMËQ„ itidxovËpk hwxU AéËlk xgLøwZ n^wËrk lrwB, iÖxëoM™-iwxdKMË™k
MkØk Ìb#r, KyZêd-kwilylw-KÚnälylw, xbdwReÖËkk ÌdKiËbêk xgLøwZ
ÑgmwLy Ìilw, ÌKwËdw ÌKwËdw AéËlk ÑP¢ ov¢ßwxìæk Ìilw I PrK Duog,
pwlLwZwk ÌoB ciyêt Awgp, xdÅw, cÔecÖËdwit exkËgm GLd LÖg GKUw
ÌbLw jwt dw„ lqôybwZw MËYËmk iÔxZêËZ xo^bÖk, KwËQxeËV Z×loyewZw
xpëbÖ ÌbwKwËdI GLd og oit ÌbLw jwt dw„ AwËM iÖoliwd ÌbwKwËdk
pwlLwZw DuoËgI oixìñZ HxZËpøk Ìj Qwe erËZw gwvlwËbËmk owiwxRK
RygËd BolwiwBËRmËdk GB jÖËM Zw Awk ÌbLw jwt dw„
gwvlw od I gwOwxlk HxZpøMZ ovÆÚxZk Agþÿwd gZêiwd gwvlwËbm Awk
AwËMk iËZw ÌdB„ GLd KÚnK exkgwËkk oìæwËdkw ÌlLwerw xmLËQ„ MÞwiyY
AaêdyxZk iËcø dwdw Dewbwd jÖ£ß pËt AËdKUw eÞwY oéwk pËtËQ Ggv
GËZ AËdËKk Agþÿwk exkgZêd pËtËQ, pwËZ dMb etow Awowk Duo oÙxÄ
pËtËQ„ fËl Rygdcwkwk exkgZêd NËUËQ, gbËlËQ Nkgwxrk ckd,
Awogwge¢, ÑZRne¢ Ggv owiwxRK kyxZ-dyxZ I AhøwËok„ GB exkgZêËdk
fËl gwOwxlk HxZpøMZ ovÆÚxZk Dewbwd Ggv Rygdjw¢wk oËŠ NxdÅhwËg
oóexKêZ gwvlw odI Awk GLd GKwxceZø KkËZ ewkËQ dw„ GËbk oìæwdwxb
GLd MÞwËi gøgow-gwxYRø gw Adø Ìj KwRB KkØK dw ÌKd Zwk oËŠ gwvlw
oËdk oóeKê AwËMk iËZw IZËeÞwu dt„ gkv MÞwi-RygËdk dZ×d cwkw jw
mpËk gwo jw xgËbËm PwKxk-gwKxkk oÖgwËb GËbk oËŠ AwìæRêwxZK od
xpowËg LÙÄyt oËdk gøgpwk ÌgËrËQ gwvlw od ptËZw MÙpgxëb pËt
eËrËQ owËgK KwËlk Rygdcwkwt Ahøþÿ MÙpK¢yêk KwËQ„ MÞwi gwvlwt
gøweK ovLøK Æ×l-KËlR-iwbÛwow PwlÖ pItwt Rygdcwkwt dwdw exkgZêd
GËoËQ„ xgËbmy m², ewúPwZø Rygdcwkwk dwdw DeKkY, xRdoz-Gk eøwëU
Ggv ÌKwKwËKwlw XÖËK ÌMËQ MÞwËi„ ÌUxlxhmd, ÌiwgwBl Ìfwd, AovLø
ÌbwKwdewU, XwKwk RwZyt ÑbxdK ovgwbe¢, gwo-Uøwx…-AËUwxk…w, xhxWI
xflô, xpxëb xoËdiw BZøwxbk gøweK eÞhwËg AwËMk KwËlk ovÆÚxZ
AxdËKZ I DdôÖl pËtËQ„ G Agþÿwt gwvlw odI gwOwxl ovÆÚxZ eÞP¡
PwËek iËcø eËrËQ„ GLd Awk AwËMk iËZw gwvlw Ìbtwl ex™Kw ÌbLw jwt
dw„ KxPZ KLËdw KÚxn gøwvËKk ex™Kwt Ìkwiwd KøwËl«wËkk AqËkk xdËP
gwvlw ovLøwI ÌlLw awËK„ AwoËl MÞwi-gwvlw GLd GK ¢ßwxìæKwËlk
iÖËL„ eÖkËdw ovÆÚxZ I Rygdcwkw ÌhËO ÌMËQ xKìç dZ×d ovÆÚxZkI
gÖxdtwb ewKw ptxd„
IeËk Awikw HxZpøMZ gwvlw ovÆÚxZk cwkwk kÕewìæËkk GKUw xP¢
Deþÿwed KËkxQ„ IB cwkwxU ÌoLwËd GËo Ìe^#ËQËQ ZwËZ ÌZid ÌKwËdw
BxZgwPK I RygdyiÖLy oÖþÿ oiìñt Awikw ÌbxL dw„ gkv glw jwt GK
ckËdk cÖicwrw~w- eÞg xgËdwbdÐmly MÞwi-gwvlwËZI elöxgZ pËt IVËQ„
ZËg Awmwk Kaw pËlw HxZpø I ÌlwKR xgnt AwoËtk GKUw kyxZ pËlw
owiwxRK exkgZêËdk oËŠ Zw xdËRËK Lwe-LwBËt Ìdt dZ×d gw xhdíkÕËe
Zw xdËRËK xgdøþæ KËk„ Ggv Gk Awk GKxU xgKwm gw dg-xdiêwËYk cwkwk
iËcø GK ckËdk P¢ßid e¦xZ KwR KËk„ dMk ÌaËK ÂkØ pËt ÌKwËdw
xmùekyxZ MÞwi-gwvlwk ÌlwKR kyxZËZ xgdøþæ pËZ ewËk„ Awiwk MÞwiyY
ÌKwËdw hwg, ÌlwKR xmùecwkw mpËI GËo RwZyt ovÆÚxZk dg-xdiêwËY
ZwuejêeÔYê hÔxiKw ewld KkËZ ewËk„ ovÆÚxZ Zw ÌlwKRB ÌpwK, Awk
dwMxkK bÙxÄËZ iwdoóedíB ÌpwK Zwk xggZêd gw kÕewìæk NËU ZwB
‘AwgpiwdKwËlk’ ovÆÚxZ gËl xKQÖ ÌdB„ fËl ÌlwKR ovÆÚxZk oiÙx¦k
cwkwËK og oiËt xþÿZwgþÿwt cËk kwLw gw ewItw oºg dw„
gwvlw od I gwvlw dggËnêk ÌqË¢ GB gøwewkxU KyhwËg NËUËQ Awikw
ÌoxbËK dRk xbËZ ewxk„ ewxKþæwd AwiËl eÔgê-gwvlwk gwOwxlkw gwvlw
dggnê DbzjweËd gwcwk oóiÖLyd pËtËQ„ iÖNl oiÛwU AwKgk gwvlw oËdk
eÞgZêK GKaw gËlI ewxK-mwoKPË¢ßk id hÖlwËdw jwtxd (þôZêgø,
ewK-AwiËl xdxiêZ XwKwk ÌiwpwóibeÖËkk dwdw kwþæwk dwi eÞcwdZ
ÌiwMl oiÛwUËbk dwËi Kkw pËlI AwKgËkk dwËi ÌKwËdw kwþæwk dwi ÌdB„
KwkY xZxd ewxKËbk dw-eQëb xixlZ ovÆÚxZk eÙÅËewnK xQËld)„ ZËg ZLd
gwvlw od I dggËnêk Duog gwOwxlËbk RwZytZwgwby AwËëbwlËdk oËŠ jÖ£ß
pËt jwItwt Zw GK dZ×d RwZytkÕe I Zwuejê lwh KËkËQ„ 1952 owËlk
hwnw AwËëbwlËdk fËl gwOwxlk Ìj dZ×d ciyêxdkËeq I dÙZwx£òK RwZyt
AwËëbwld bwdw ÌgËc DËV gwvlw od gwvlw dggnê Duog I Zwk AwdÖnxŠK
DewbwdoiÔp ZwËZ dZ×d MxZËgM oÙxÄ KËk„ 1954 owËl eÔgê-gwvlwk
owcwkY xdgêwPËd jÖ£ßfÝËëUk xgmwl xgRt GB dZ×d gwOwxl RwZytZwgwb
RdMËYk xdgêwPdy iøwË«ËU Rdoiaêd I kwRÐdxZK ÑgcZw lwh KËk„
eÔgê-gwvlwk dgRwMÞZ dMkgwoy gwOwxl iÖoliwd oiwR xdRþñ þñwËbxmK
HxZpø AdÖowËdk DË¥Ëm Ggv gwOwxl RwxZMVd I RwZytZwgwËbk xgKwËm
gwvlw dggnê I etlw ÑgmwLËK owiËd AwËd„ fËl ciê-gYê-ËMw¢
xdxgêËmËn gwvlw dggnê gw etlw ÑgmwL pËt IËV GK ipwd RwZyt DuoËgk
xbd„ gwOwxl RwZytZwgwËbk Iek xhx£ KËk Gid GKxU ciê-xdkËeq
ogêRdyd Duog-xbËdk ZLd ZygÛ eÞËtwRd AdÖhÔZ pxâQËlw„ MÞwi-gwvlwk
KÚxn I q×bÛ-gøgow-gwxYËRøk GK ÌlwKR Duog GhwËgB RwZyt xgKwËmk
oËŠ jÖ£ß pËt kwRÐdxZK iw¢w lwh KËk Ggv RwZyt ovÆÚxZk iÖ£ßcwkw
oÙxÄk GK eÞxZgwby DuoËgkI kÕe lwh KËk„ ÑgmwËLk GB dwMxkK D¤wd
Ggv ogêRdyd RwZyt DuoËgk kÕe xdiêwËY AdÖNUËKk KwMRxU KËk QwtwdU
dwËik owvÆÚxZK ovMVdxU„ GËbkB eÞtwËo gwvlw dggnê GLd ÂcÖ xgmwl
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